 |
| Sarojini Naidu |
Sarojini Naidu
Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was a renowned Indian freedom fighter, eminent orator and Indo-Anglian poet. She is known as Indian Kokil (The Nightingale of India). Sarojini Naidu was elected the first woman president of the Indian National Congress. He also became the Governor of the state of Uttar Pradesh in independent India.Sarojini Naidu was an active fighter in the Indian freedom movement. He joined Mahatma Gandhi in the Dandi march. He led the Dharasan Satyagraha when Gandhi, Abbas Taib and Kasturba Gandhi were arrested. He was an eminent orator and a prolific poet of the English language.
First life
Sarojini Naidu was born in a Hindu Brahmin family in Hyderabad, India. His ancestral home was in Kanksar village of Lauhjong upazila in Munshiganj district of present day Bangladesh. She was the eldest daughter of scientist, philosopher and educationist Aghornath Chattopadhyay and poet Bardasundari Devi.Aghornath was the founder of the Nizam College and he and his friend Mulla Abdul Qayyum were the first members of the Indian National Congress in Hyderabad. Later, he was removed from the post of principal of the college for participating in the political movement.
Sarojini's brother Biren Chattopadhyay was a prominent freedom fighter and communist revolutionary of international repute. During World War I he was an important member of the Berlin Committee and one of the leading figures in the Hindu-German conspiracy. Later he moved to the Soviet Union after being attracted to communism.He is suspected to have been shot dead by the Soviet secret police during the Stalin era. Sarojini's other brother Harindranath Chattopadhyay was a noted dramatist, poet and actor.
Sarojini Naidu education
At the age of twelve, Sarojini passed the matriculation examination from Madras University and stood first in the entire Madras Presidency. From 1891 to 1894, he stopped studying and studied various subjects. In 1895, he studied in England first at King's College in London and then at Garton College in Cambridge.Sarojini learned Urdu, Telugu, Persian and Bengali languages. His favorite poet was P. B. shelly
Participation in freedom movement
In 1905, Sarojini joined the independence movement in the wake of the Bengal Partition movement. Between 1903 and 1917, he met Gopalkrishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Annie Besant, C. P. Came in contact with Ramaswamy Iyer, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru etc.Between 1915 and 1918, he lectured on youth empowerment, labor glory, women's liberation and nationalism in various parts of India. After meeting Jawaharlal Nehru in 1916, he started a movement for indigo farmers in Champaran. He was elected Congress President in 1925. She was the first woman president of Congress.In March 1919, the British government promulgated the Rowlatt Act, banning all seditious works. When Gandhiji organized the non-cooperation movement in protest, Sarojini was the first to join the movement. Later the British government implemented a comprehensive repression policy on this movement.In July 1919, Sarojini was appointed ambassador of the Home Rule League in England. After his return to India in July 1920, Gandhi announced the Non-Cooperation Movement on 1 August. In January 1924 he was elected as one of the two National Congress delegates to the East African Indian Congress.He visited New York in October 1928. At this time, he condemned the discrimination against African Americans and Amerindians in the United States. After his return to India, he was elected a member of the Congress Working Committee.On January 26, 1930, the National Congress declared independence from the British Empire. Gandhiji was arrested on May 5. Soon after this, Sarojini was arrested. During this time he was imprisoned for several months. On 31 January 1931, he was released along with Gandhiji. They were arrested again later that year.Sarojini was discharged within a few days due to ill health. Gandhiji was released in 1933. In 1931 he also joined the round table meeting with Gandhiji and Pandit Malviya. He was arrested again on 2 October 1942 for taking part in the Quit India Movement. During this time, Sarojini was imprisoned with Gandhiji for 21 months.Sarojini Naidu's relationship with Mahatma Gandhi was so close that she called Gandhi "Mickey Mouse".
IN March 1947, Sarojini Naid became the steering priest of Asian relations.
On August 15, 1947, Sarojini Naidu was appointed as the Governor of United Pradesh (now Uttar Pradesh). She was the first woman governor. He died on March 2, 1949 due to a functional heart attack.
Effect
Sarojini Chatterjee is considered one of the greatest poets in the history of the world. World-renowned American and British writers have praised his literature unreservedly. A website called Poetry Soup included him among the 100 greatest poets in world history, placing him at 19th.
Sarojini Naidu personal life
At the age of 17 Sarojini Dr. Muthala falls in love with Govindrajulu Naidu. After completing his studies at the age of 19, he became bound to her. It should be noted that in those days non-asvarna marriage was prohibited in the society. Although Sarojini was a Brahmin, Govindrajulu was a non-Brahmin. They were married in 1898 in Madras under the Act of 1872. They had four children: Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randhir and Leelamani. Daughter Padmaja later became the Governor of West Bengal.