Born on March 5, 1918 in Dashpara village of Daudkandi, Comilla. His father was Hazrat Khandkar Kabiruddin Ahmed, Pir of Daudkandi.
After completing his studies in local schools and colleges, he took admission in B.L. in Law from Dhaka University and obtained a degree in this subject.
He joined politics in 1942 and played an active role in the anti-British movement.On June 23, 1949, a conference of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League was held under the leadership of Hossain Shaheed Suhrawardy and Abul Hashem at Rose Garden Palace, KM Das Lane Road, Tikatuli, Dhaka. Ataur Rahman Khan presided over the meeting. It is noted that Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani was the chief guest in this conference.
Shamsul Haque (Tangail), joint secretary Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (then in jail), Khandkar Mostak Ahmed, AK Rafiqul Hossain and treasurer were elected as general secretary.In 1954, he was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Council as a nominated candidate of the United Front. In this year he was imprisoned when the Union government dissolved the United Front government using Article 92 (1953).
When Bhasani-Mujib demanded to secularize the party and drop the word Muslim at a formal meeting at Rupmahal Cinema Hall, Sadarghat on October 21-23, 1955, Mushtaq objected. For this, advocate Ali Amjad Khan, Abdus Salam and Hashimuddin formed a counter-organization.
In 1955 he was freed and again elected as the Chief Whip of the United Front in Parliament.In 1958 AD, when military rule was imposed, he was imprisoned again.In 1966 he was imprisoned again for supporting the Six-Point.In 1969 when the eight political parties of the country formed the Anti-Ayub Democratic Struggle Council, Khandaker Mushtaq Ahmed served as the coordinator of the West Pakistan section.
n this year, he joined the round table meeting called by Ayub Khan in Rawalpindi as a member of the delegation of Awami League.
He was elected as a member of the National Parliament of Pakistan in the 1970 elections.During the liberation war of 1971 AD, he got the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Law and Parliamentary Affairs in the Mujibnagar government. After the independence of the country, in the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, he got the responsibility of the Ministry of Electricity, Irrigation and Flood Control.In 1975, he was given the responsibility of Minister of Commerce. He was a member of the executive committee of Bakshal. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed in a military coup on August 15 this year. Then Mushtaq Ahmed declared himself the President. He termed the killers of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the sun of the nation. He was in this post for only 83 days.
Shamsul Haque (Tangail), joint secretary Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (then in jail), Khandkar Mostak Ahmed, AK Rafiqul Hossain and treasurer were elected as general secretary.
In 1954, he was elected a member of the East Pakistan Provincial Council as a nominated candidate of the United Front. In this year he was imprisoned when the Union government dissolved the United Front government using Article 92 (1953).
In 1955 he was freed and again elected as the Chief Whip of the United Front in Parliament.
In 1958 AD, when military rule was imposed, he was imprisoned again.
In 1966 he was imprisoned again for supporting the Six-Point.
In 1969 when the eight political parties of the country formed the Anti-Ayub Democratic Struggle Council, Khandaker Mushtaq Ahmed served as the coordinator of the West Pakistan section.
n this year, he joined the round table meeting called by Ayub Khan in Rawalpindi as a member of the delegation of Awami League.
He was elected as a member of the National Parliament of Pakistan in the 1970 elections.
During the liberation war of 1971 AD, he got the responsibility of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Law and Parliamentary Affairs in the Mujibnagar government. After the independence of the country, in the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, he got the responsibility of the Ministry of Electricity, Irrigation and Flood Control.
He passed the Indemnity Bill after assuming office as President. He changed the slogan "Joy Bangla" to "Bangladesh Zindabad" instead. This time he changed the name of "Bangladesh Betar" to "Radio Bangladesh" on the model of Radio Pakistan.
During his regime on November 3, four national leaders, Syed Nazrul Islam, Tajuddin Ahmed, Captain Md. Mansur Ali and A. H. M. Kamruzzaman was killed in Dhaka Central Jail.
He was ousted by a mutiny on 5 November 1975. He was captured on November 6.
He was released from captivity in 1978. After that he established a new party called Democratic League.
He died on March 5, 1996.